Browse Articles

Machine learning systems are often expected to make fair decisions, yet the most widely used fairness criteria—independence, separation, and sufficiency—cannot generally be satisfied at the same time. In this study, students tested these criteria using a logistic regression model on a real-world student performance dataset and found that each criterion was met only at different prediction thresholds, with no threshold satisfying all three simultaneously. These results illustrate the inherent trade-offs in algorithmic fairness and highlight why achieving perfectly fair machine learning models is often impossible in practice.

Physics‑Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a promising way to estimate blood‑flow behavior in arteries, especially near the vessel wall where traditional methods struggle. In this study, students tested how sensor density and placement affect PINN accuracy in modeling carotid artery flow and found that accuracy improves up to a moderate sensor density and depends strongly on how close sensors are placed to the arterial wall. Applying the optimized configuration to a patient‑specific carotid model produced velocity predictions closely matching computational fluid dynamics results, highlighting PINNs’ potential for future personalized cardiovascular assessment.

The authors test the effect of insecticide exposure on mouse neurodevelopment.

We developed new eco-friendly membranes enriched with natural nanomaterials to clean iron and manganese from drinking water. Some nanocomposite membranes achieved over 95% metal removal while maintaining water flux, suggesting improved performance compared to the undoped control group.

The sword is the most important piece of equipment a fencer uses. In this study, we compared the mechanical and physical properties of two of the most common types of swords used in foil fencing.We that found that maraging steel blades had a significantly greater stiffness and were damped more effectively than low carbon steel blades. These properties affect how the blade behaves during particular maneuvers and techniques, and our findings therefore provide useful insights for fencers who want to select the optimal sword configuration to suit their personal style.

The authors studied the accuracy of two commonly used explainable AI techniques for detecting pneumonia in chest x-rays.

In this study, the authors hypothesized that the unique redox properties of cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄), combined with the conductive nature of the nickel foam (NF) substrate, synergistically enhances the catalytic performance for furfural oxidation. The study showed successful synthesis of Co₃O₄ nanoflowers directly grown on NF and tested their capacity to serve as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for furfural oxidation. Beyond furfural oxidation, this study also offers broader implications for sustainable chemistry by establishing design principles for efficient nucleophilic oxidation reaction catalysts, demonstrating an energy-saving alternative to conventional oxygen evolution reaction-coupled processes, and showcasing how biomass conversion can be integrated with renewable energy systems.

The authors studied the ability of freshwater clams to improve water quality.

This study aims to examine the demographic factors that predict patterns of co-use of alcohol and marijuana in the United States. Significant findings were identified using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2012-2022), showing that there were significant differences in the prevalence of substance use among demographic groups, with young adults showing the highest co-use of alcohol and marijuana.

Online review platforms often provide different reviews on the same product, potentially confusing consumers. In this study, we found that the number of raters on Amazon is lower for the same book, while ratings on Amazon were higher than those on Goodreads. Furthermore, these differences in ratings and rater counts were larger for fiction books than for non‑fiction books.