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A model for angle evolution in conical piles formed using the fixed funnel method

Capaldi et al. | Jul 20, 2026

A model for angle evolution in conical piles formed using the fixed funnel method

When granular materials are poured onto a surface, they form conical piles whose slopes increase before reaching a stable angle of repose. We found that this angle evolution follows a previously unrecognized two-phase exponential growth pattern that is conserved across granular materials with diverse particle properties. The parameters of this model correlate with particle friction and are influenced by deposition conditions, providing a quantitative framework for describing pile formation.

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Effect of sub-layer water saturation on two-layer sand fluidization

Doan et al. | Oct 27, 2026

Effect of sub-layer water saturation on two-layer sand fluidization
Image credit: Doan, Damm, and Doan

This study investigates the effect of water saturation in a two-layer fluidization behavior of an overlying dry sand bed. Building on prior work showing that moisture inhibits fluidization in granular media, the authors address an underexplored configuration involving layered dry and wet sand. The experiments demonstrate that even minimal water saturation in the sub-layer prevents uniform fluidization of the dry upper layer, leading to the conclusion that two-layer fluidized beds with moisture are not viable under the conditions tested.

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Comparison of shower filters for reducing total residual chlorine under household flow conditions

Lee et al. | Sep 19, 2026

Comparison of shower filters for reducing total residual chlorine under household flow conditions
Image credit: Micheile Henderson

This study compared two commercial shower filters and three individual filtration media to evaluate their ability to reduce total residual chlorine under household flow conditions. By identifying which materials most effectively reduce chlorine during regular shower use, this research provides practical information for consumers and offers guidance for designing more affordable and reusable shower filtration systems.

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