An exploration of western mosquitofish as the animal component in an aquaponic farming system

Current agricultural techniques can't sustain the growing human population. Aquaponics offers a solution, but its high cost and large size make it inaccessible to most people. This study addresses the pressing need for sustainable alternatives to traditional aquaponic practices by exploring the potential of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as a possible option. With the environmental impact and resource demands associated with tilapia farming, identifying alternative species with comparable benefits becomes crucial. The primary aim of the research is to assess whether mosquitofish can survive in aquaponic conditions and, if so, to what extent they can enhance plant growth, focusing on basil (Ocimum basilicum) as a representative crop. Mosquitofish waste, which contains nutrients like nitrate/nitrite, can be used to fertilize plants. We hypothesize that an aquaponic mosquitofish setup will result in higher germination rates and superior plant quality due to increased nitrate/nitrite levels acting as a natural fertilizer. We compared an aquaponic mosquitofish setup, a soil-based aquaponic setup using water from a tank with fish, and a control group with basil grown in soil and tap water. Our findings reveal that the aquaponic setup outperformed others, exhibiting the highest germination rates and superior plant quality. Nitrate/nitrite concentrations were lower than in the control setup, indicating efficient nutrient absorption. These results suggest that mosquitofish serve as a sustainable option other than the commonly used Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in aquaponic systems, particularly in aquaponic setups. This study contributes valuable insights into optimizing nutrient cycling, enhancing plant productivity, and advancing environmentally friendly agricultural practices.